AFH Chapter 2-2 Preflight Assessment of the Aircraft

 

Preflight Assessment of the Aircraft

 

The visual preflight assessment mitigates airplane flight hazards.

 

The preflight assessment ensures that any aircraft flown meets regulatory airworthiness standards and is in a safe mechanical condition prior to flight.

 

Per 14 CFR part 3, section 3.5(a), the term “airworthy” means that the aircraft conforms to its type design and is in condition for safe operation. 

 

The owner/operator is primarily responsible for maintenance, but in accordance with 14 CFR part 91, section 91.7(a) and (b) no person may operate a civil aircraft unless it is in an airworthy condition and the pilot in command of a civil aircraft is responsible for determining whether the aircraft is in condition for safe flight.

 

 

The pilot's inspection should involve the following:

 

1. Inspecting the airplane’s airworthiness status.

 

2. Following the AFM/POH to determine the required items for visual inspection.

 

Each airplane has a set of logbooks that include airframe and engine, and in some cases, propeller and appliance logbooks, which are used to record maintenance, alteration, and inspections performed on a specific airframe, engine, propeller, or appliance.

 

It is important that the logbooks be kept accurate, secure, and available for inspection.

 

Airplane logbooks are not normally kept in the airplane.

 

It should be a matter of procedure by the pilot to inspect the airplane logbooks or a summary of the airworthy status prior to flight to ensure that the airplane records of maintenance, alteration, and inspections are current and correct.

 

The following is required:

 

⦁ Annual inspection within the preceding 12 calendar months (Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 91, section 91.409(a))

 

⦁ 100-hour inspection, if the aircraft is operated for hire (14 CFR part 91, section 91.409(b))

 

 

⦁ Transponder certification within the preceding 24 calendar months (14 CFR part 91, section 91.413)

 

⦁ Static system and encoder certification, within the preceding 24 calendar months, required for instrument flight rules (IFR) flight in controlled airspace (14 CFR part 91, section 91.411)

 

⦁ 30-day VHF omnidirectional range (VOR) equipment check when using the VOR system of radio navigation for IFR flight (14 CFR part 91, section 91.171)

 

⦁ Emergency locator transmitter (ELT) inspection within the last 12 months (14 CFR part 91, section 91.207(d))

 

⦁ ELT battery due (14 CFR part 91, section 91.207(c))

 

⦁ Current status of life limited parts per Type Certificate Data Sheets (TCDS) (14 CFR part 91, section 91.417)

 

⦁ Status, compliance, logbook entries for airworthiness directives (ADs) (14 CFR part 91, section 91.417(a) (2)(v))

 

⦁ Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Form 337, Major Repair or Alteration (14 CFR part 91, section 91.417)

 

⦁ Inoperative equipment (14 CFR part 91, section 91.213)

 

A review determines if the required maintenance and inspections have been performed on the airplane.

 

Any discrepancies need to be addressed prior to flight.

 

Once the pilot has determined that the airplane’s logbooks provide factual assurance that the airplane meets its airworthiness requirements, it is appropriate to inspect the airplane visually.

 

The visual preflight inspection of the airplane should begin while approaching the airplane on the ramp. 

 

 

The pilot should make note of the general appearance of the airplane, looking for discrepancies such as misalignment of the landing gear and airplane structure.

 

The pilot should also take note of any distortions of the wings, fuselage, and tail, as well as skin damage and any staining, dripping, or puddles of fuel or oils.

 

The pilot needs to determine that the following documents are, as appropriate, on board, attached, or affixed to the airplane:

 

⦁ Current Airworthiness Certificate (14 CFR part 91, section 91.203)

 

⦁ Current Registration Certificate (14 CFR part 91, section 91.203)

 

⦁ Radio station license for flights outside the United States or airplanes greater than 12,500 pounds (Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rule)

 

⦁ Operating limitations, which may be in the form of an FAA-approved AFM/POH, placards, instrument markings, or any combination thereof (14 CFR part 91, section 91.9)

 

⦁ Current weight and balance data

 

⦁ Compass correction card, if required under applicable airworthiness standards

 

⦁ External data plate (14 CFR part 45, section 45.11)

 

AFH Chapter 2-1 Ground Operations

AFH Chapter 2-1 Ground Operations

 

 

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