FAA Commercial written test prep - Airplanes and Aerodynamics

Understanding Load Factor: G-Forces and Flight Maneuvers with the PHAK Piloting an airplane involves understanding not just the forces acting on it but also how those forces affect the pilot and passengers. The concept of load factor plays a crucial role in this understanding, and the Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge (PHAK) serves as a valuable guide in navigating this crucial aspect of flight.

 

Load Factor: Demystifying the G-Force

Chapter 5 of the PHAK [Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight - Federal Aviation Administration, (.gov)] introduces the concept of load factor. It defines it as the ratio of the total aerodynamic force acting on an aircraft to the weight of the aircraft. In simpler terms, it represents the multiplier of the force of gravity that the pilot and passengers experience during various maneuvers. A load factor of 1 G represents the normal force of gravity everyone feels on the ground, while values greater than 1 G indicate increased force, and values less than 1 G indicate reduced force.

 

The PHAK: Understanding Load Factor in Maneuvers

The PHAK highlights the role of load factor in various flight situations:

Turns: When an airplane banks to turn, it creates a centrifugal force that pushes the aircraft and its occupants outwards. The load factor increases with the degree of bank to counteract this outward force and maintain altitude.

Climbs and Dives: During climbs, the engine thrust creates a forward force that increases the load factor slightly above 1 G. Conversely, during dives, the load factor becomes less than 1 G due to the downward acceleration.

Maneuvering Limits: Every aircraft has specific load factor limitations outlined in its Pilot Operating Handbook (POH). Exceeding these limits can put undue stress on the aircraft structure and potentially lead to structural failure.

 

Exploring the Nuances of Load Factor

While the PHAK provides a solid foundation, understanding load factor requires further exploration:

Physiological Effects: The PHAK reminds pilots to be aware of the physiological effects of high G-forces, which can include tunnel vision, loss of consciousness, and even G-LOC (G-induced loss of consciousness). Pilot Technique: Understanding how to manage control inputs to minimize sudden changes in load factor is crucial for passenger comfort and safety.

 

Load Factor: A Crucial Concept for Safe Flight

By understanding the principles of load factor as outlined in the PHAK, and by actively seeking further knowledge and practicing proper techniques, pilots can ensure not only the safety of the aircraft but also the comfort and well-being of themselves and their passengers. Remember, load factor management is a vital skill for smooth, efficient, and safe flight. So, embrace the knowledge, hone your skills, and navigate the skies with confidence and responsibility!

 

FAA 필기시험 기출문제 바로 풀기

https://djschool.co.kr/faa-commercial-written-test-airplanes-and-aerodynamics/

FAA Commercial Written Test – Airplanes and Aerodynamics