AFH Chapter 4
Defining an Airplane Upset
The term “upset” was formally introduced by an industry work group in 2004 in the “Pilot Guide to Airplane Upset Recovery,” which is one part of the “Airplane Upset Recovery Training Aid.”
The working group was primarily focused on large transport airplanes and sought to come up with one term to describe an “unusual attitude” or “loss of control,” for example, and to generally describe specific parameters as part of its definition.
Consistent with the Guide, the FAA has defined an upset as an event that unintentionally exceeds the parameters normally experienced in flight or training.
These parameters are:
• Pitch attitude greater than 25°, nose up
• Pitch attitude greater than 10°, nose down
• Bank angle greater than 45°
• Within the above parameters, but flying at airspeeds inappropriate for the conditions.
The reference to inappropriate airspeeds describes a number of undesired aircraft states, including stalls.
However, stalls are directly related to angle of attack (AOA), not airspeed.
To develop the crucial skills to prevent LOC-I, a pilot must receive upset prevention and recovery training (UPRT), which should include: slow flight, stalls, spins, and unusual attitudes.
If an upset does occur, however, upset training also reinforces proper recovery techniques.
A more detailed discussion of UPRT to include its core concepts, what the training should include, and what airplanes or kinds of simulation can be used for the training can be found later in this chapter.
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