Rudder
The rudder controls movement of the aircraft about its vertical axis.
This motion is called yaw.
Like the other primary control surfaces, the rudder is a movable surface hinged to a fixed surface in this case, to the vertical stabilizer or fin.
The rudder is controlled by the left and right rudder pedals.
When the rudder is deflected into the airflow, a horizontal force is exerted in the opposite direction.
By pushing the left pedal, the rudder moves left.
This alters the airflow around the vertical stabilizer/rudder and creates a sideward lift that moves the tail to the right and yaws the nose of the airplane to the left.
Rudder effectiveness increases with speed; therefore, large deflections at low speeds and small deflections at high speeds may be required to provide the desired reaction.
In propeller-driven aircraft, any slipstream flowing over the rudder increases its effectiveness.
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