Spoilers
Found on some fixed-wing aircraft, high drag devices called spoilers are deployed from the wings to spoil the smooth airflow, reducing lift and increasing drag.
On gliders, spoilers are most often used to control rate of descent for accurate landings.
On other aircraft, spoilers are often used for roll control, an advantage of which is the elimination of adverse yaw.
To turn right, for example, the spoiler on the right wing is raised, destroying some of the lift and creating more drag on the right.
The right wing drops, and the aircraft banks and yaws to the right.
Deploying spoilers on both wings at the same time allows the aircraft to descend without gaining speed.
Spoilers are also deployed to help reduce ground roll after landing.
By destroying lift, they transfer weight to the wheels, improving braking effectiveness.
Trim Systems
Although an aircraft can be operated throughout a wide range of attitudes, airspeeds, and power settings, it can be designed to fly hands-off within only a very limited combination of these variables.
Trim systems are used to relieve the pilot of the need to maintain constant pressure on the flight controls, and usually consist of flight deck controls and small hinged devices attached to the trailing edge of one or more of the primary flight control surfaces.
Designed to help minimize a pilot’s workload, trim systems aerodynamically assist movement and position of the flight control surface to which they are attached.
Common types of trim systems include trim tabs, balance tabs, antiservo tabs, ground adjustable tabs, and an adjustable stabilizer.
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